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Indirect Speech

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Indirect Speech: Imperative The type of sentence that expresses order, request, command, advice and warning is called an imperative sentence. The imperative sentence is very different from the interrogative sentence which poses a question. The imperative sentence conversion depends on the mood of the sentence. The imperative sentence uses the second person 'you' as the subject, although the subject remains silent in the sentence. This kind of sentence starts with a verb. To consider: In the sense of command, suggestion, request is contained in the informant clause of the sentence. We need to change the reporting verb according to the mood of the sentence. The verb in the reported clause becomes infinitive. The word \'a\' is used to add a report and declare clauses after omitting commas and quotes, instead of using common conjunctions like \'at\', \'if\', \'if\'.  In the case of negative imperative sentences, "not" in direct speech becom...
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Embedded Questions

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An embedded question is defined as a question inside of another statement or question. For example, the embedded question version of "How's she doing?" is "I wonder how she's doing".  Embedded questions are not direct questions.  Structure: We use regular sentence grammar for embedded questions. That is, they follow a subject-verb-object pattern instead of the typical fact-problem inversion pattern. Examples: - Who knows what page we need to read? - Do you know who took the money? - Could you share what happened during the meeting?
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Noun Clauses

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A noun clause is a dependent clause that works like a noun in a sentence. A clause whose syntactic role is regarded as that of a noun or noun phrase. A clause that performs the same function as a noun. It has many functions:  - Functions like the object of a preposition. - Takes the place of the object in a judgment by receiving the action. - Works as the subject by performing or establishing the action in a sentence. Some nouns, especially  those used as subjects, begin with that , seem to have little effect to begin with. It makes sense if you include facts or ideas first. Some modern English constructions that seem meaningless are the result of our individual words.
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The passive causative

In English, the causative passive is used for services. It is a mixture of causative verbs and the passive voice. The easiest way to understand it is to look at each part separately and then combine the two. Passive voice: The passive voice, in which the subject performs the action, is a bit more difficult to understand, but is often used in technology, science, textbooks, and reports. The causative in the passive voice has two structures: - Get and Have: They are used to refer to the professional services provided to us.  Get/have + something + past participle. -  Make: In the passive it works like any other verb.  "Made" + complemento + infinitivo.
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The Causative

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We use causative verbs when we want to talk about something that another person has done for us or for another person. This means that the subject performed the action, but did not do it himself. Maybe they paid, demanded, or convinced the other person to do it. We can use the causative in the following ways: - Normally we use 'do something' when we talk about paying someone to do something for us. Often used for services. The form is 'subject + have + object + past participle' - We can also use "subject + get + object + past participle". It has the same meaning as 'have', but is less formal. - You could also use the construction   'get + someone + to + infinitive'  Once again, this means that you encourage other people to take action, perhaps by paying them to do it, asking them to do it, or convincing them to do it. - We can also use the construction   'subject + have + person + infinitive' . This is very similar to the meaning of ...
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May and Might. Modal verbs

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'May' and 'might' are modal auxiliary verbs. They are often used to ask permission or indicate an opportunity. In terms of possibility, these two modal auxiliary verbs have the same use and meaning. They differ in that "may" carries a higher degree of certainty. May is generally used when: Posibility Permission and polite request. 'May' is used in formal language and, more importantly, in interrogative sentences. Expresses obstacles or objections to an action. Might To make suggestions express reproaches express concession
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Past perfect

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"Past perfect" corresponds to the past perfect indicative. We use the present perfect when: Refers to an action or state that begins in the past and precedes another action that is also in the past. For actions that happened at a specific time in the past It is used in reported speech for "indirect speech" when someone uses the present perfect tense to express what someone said. Some conditional sentences must use the past tense translation of the subjunctive mood. Negative. write the past perfect in negative: Sujeto + had + not + past participle Affirmative write the past perfect in affirmative: Sujeto + had + past participle   Interrogative Had + sujeto + past participle Had + sujeto + not + past participle
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